Intune architect here. While I mostly work on mobile devices. Below holds good for desktops too.
Your organisation is has applied App protection policy on your Edge browser. Am assuming you organisation has MAM-WE-ish setup that allows you to login from any device that meets their requirements.
The following controls are set under the policy.
These settings prevent you from performing copy-paste of text or download files to local storage.
Setting name: Data Transfer
Setting description: Send Org Data to other app
Value: None or policy managed apps
Setting name: Data Transfer
Setting description:Allow cut, copy, and paste for
Value: None or organisation managed app
Setting name: Functionality
Setting description: Print org Data
Value: Block
Trying to break the browser and attempt to login. You could get blocked by compliance policy or conditional access. Even if you are successful. The documents could be still protected under Information rights (microsoft purview)
To bypass this while not getting into trouble. Your organisation needs to create a new protection policy with far more relaxed controls allowing you to print or download documents. This would obviously need you to go through justifying the boss, Information security, client and other stake holders,etc
