If you have multiple disks, There is no need for partitioning.
But if you have a single disk as in the case of a laptop, I would recommend partitioning into at least two volumes. Equal size partitions is good enough. I would strongly recommend against the strategy of small partition sizes for OS. It doesn't help with anything these days. Keep at least 250~300 GB for OS. For example, I install any development tools, MS office etc. into their default install path's which would be in the OS volume in Program Files. If the OS install goes for a toss, you would end up needing to reinstall most of this software anyway. The other partition can be used for storing documents and any other files and anything that you want to keep separate and safe. If the OS crashes and you cannot recover, all you need to do will be to clean reinstall OS. You don't have to go about looking for a means to copy the important stuff first or install on top of the existing files so you don't lose any thing.
But if you have a single disk as in the case of a laptop, I would recommend partitioning into at least two volumes. Equal size partitions is good enough. I would strongly recommend against the strategy of small partition sizes for OS. It doesn't help with anything these days. Keep at least 250~300 GB for OS. For example, I install any development tools, MS office etc. into their default install path's which would be in the OS volume in Program Files. If the OS install goes for a toss, you would end up needing to reinstall most of this software anyway. The other partition can be used for storing documents and any other files and anything that you want to keep separate and safe. If the OS crashes and you cannot recover, all you need to do will be to clean reinstall OS. You don't have to go about looking for a means to copy the important stuff first or install on top of the existing files so you don't lose any thing.