what is index.html

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index.html is the document page that is present in the directory from which pages are supposed to be served.

Like example.com/mypage.html will open mypage.html

and example.com/index.html will open index.html

and just example.com will /also/ open index.html (OR any other file name that has been specified to the server and has higher priority than this. like index.php, index.py, home.php etc.)

hm, it doesn't have to be "index.xxxx", asp.net built websites define it as Default.aspx, it's something that you specify in your server's settings. index.html, etc are the default one for Apache web server.

mod_dir - Apache HTTP Server

If you have any specific question about this, you need to tell.
 
Unless a specific page is mentioned in the URL, it automatically takes you to the index.html (PRIMARY) page of the website !
 
Its the default file that will be shown to public form your www folder.

You can change that default by modifying .htaccess

With this statement

DirectoryIndex xyz.html index.html

etc.
 
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